Fuel burner



May 18 ,1926. 1,585,201

- T. A. NISSINENY I FUEL BURNER Filed March 2'7. 1923 A TTORNEYS.

Patented May 18, 1926.

l UNITED STATES TOIMI A. NISSINEN, OF EASTINGS -ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK.

FUEL BURNER.

Application filed March 27, 1923. Serial No. 628,014.

This invention relates to liquid fuel burners and has for an object toprovidean improved burner which will burn any kind or grade of liquidfuel without carbon deposits; with which combustion w1ll be largely orentirely complete before the gases are discharged; with which all partsof the combustion chamber or passage are readily accessible; which willsuccessfully bu'rn various grades and quantities of fuel efficiently;and which is exceptionally simple, durable, compact, and inexpensive.Other ob1ects and advantages will be apparent from the followingdescription of an embodiment of the invention, and thenovel featureswill be particularly pointed out hereinafter in claims.

In the accompanyingdrawing:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a burner constructed in time;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same;

Fig. 3 is a plan of one of the sections of the same; and 0 Fig. 4 is anelevation partly 1n section of an ordinary coal burning boiler in whichthe improved burner has been installed.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invent-ion the burner comprises ahollow body of suitable refractory material, preferably I built up ofthree component sections 1, 2 and 3, the sections interlocking with oneanother along their abutting edges by a flange and a groove. The body isprovided with partitions 4 and 5 which divide its interior into 7 along, continuous, tortuous, enclosed.- passage or conduit. The passageor conduit opens from the lower face asat A which constitutes theentrance opening, continues upwardly between the partition 4 and theouter side wall, then curves laterally across the top,-

then downwardly to within a short distance from the lower end of thebody. The partition 5 extends between the vertical stretches of theconduit so as to divide the space between these vertical stretches intotwo additional vertical stretches of the conduit which doubles backupon. itself to the. upper end,

. jl-aterally across the bottom and upwardly bet we en theother sideedge and an exten-;

5011 of the partition 5 to an opening B at.-

the, top, which constitutes the exit or discharge p ning for theburned-gases 1 accordance with the inven-' A fuel supply nozzle 7 assesthrough the uppermost section of the body at the upper end, so as todeposit liquid fuel upon the lateral stretch of the partition 4 wherethe first section of the conduit travels laterally at the upper end ofthe burner body. The

fuel is conducted from a suitable storage tank througha pipe 8 to thenozzle 7, the flow being controlledby a suitable valve 9 located at aconvenient point in the pi e 8.

The uppermost section 3 of the b0 y is provided with an opening 10 justbelow the fuel nozzle 7 and this opening is normally closed by ,asuitable closurell which is removable to permit of the insertion intothe conduit of combustible material, such as waste which has beensaturated with a combustible liquid.

In Figure 4 the burner is shown as installed in an ordinary coalburningboiler,

the'burner being supported upon the grate 12, with the portion of thegrate surrounda ing it closed by refractory material 13. The closure 11is disposed on the edge toward the door 14 of the boiler, and the fuelsupply When a burner is to be started, the closure 11 is removed and aquantity of suitable combustible material, such as oil saturated waste,mdicat'ed by the reference 17 in Figure 4, is inserted intd the tortuouspassage just 'below, the fuel nozzle 7. This waste is ignited, afterwhich the closure 11 is re placed so as to close the aperture 10. Thenatural draught of the chimney to which the flue 18 of the boiler isconnected, serves to draw the air through the ash-pit door as controlledby the damper 15 into the ash pit, then upwardly into the bod of theburner through the entrance-end o the passage cap A. through the passageand supports combustion of the burning waste 17 and then-past the fuelnozzle 7.

e 's'tr tc 9f hepar ion.swe ls-and is or other liquid The air passes u wy The. liquid. fu l. fi s-admitt d hro gh the a .p p 8 o he n z e ,.r nd.d epsrpenithe' gni ed y heifl mes nd vheat from thehuming was e Th -giis sfrbm the burning. oii- .eli pesszthrougha the tor-.-

-. time passage downward y" for some distance and then doubles back in areverse direction along the partition wall which separates it from theprevious stretches of the passage. These gases pass in proximity to theentrance stretch of the passage, being separated therefrom only by thepartition 4, and the heat from the burning gases is transmitted throughthe partition to the incoming air so that the air will be'prcheated to aconsiderable extent before it reaches the vaporized fuel. The gases thenare conducted to the opposite side of the burner body and dischargedthrough the upper end thereof.

The gases leaving the burner body enter the combustion chamber of theboiler, heat the same to a temperature sufiicient to vaporize the waterin the boiler, and then pass out through the flue 18 to the chimney. Itwill thus be observed that the entering air is preheated, and that theliquid fuel is deposited upon a heated surface in the presence of a bodyof preheated air, with the result that practically complete and instantvaporization of the fuel takes place, and consequently practically nocarbon will be formed within the passage. However, by separating thesections of the burner body, all parts of the conduit may be inspectedor cleaned.

The burning gases are conducted for some distance through the bodybefore passing along the wall upon which the liquid fuel is deposited oralong the passage through which the entering air is conducted, becausethe burning gases must be conducted for some distance before combustionis well under way. Then when the burning gases are conducted along thepartition 4 so as to vaporize the fuel and preheat the incoming air,there will be sufiicient heat in the burning gases to effectivelyvaporize the fuel and heat the air to the necessary or desiredtemperature. With the preheated air and the almost instant vaporizationof the fuel, the

' highest possible efiicienty of combustion of the fuel is obtainedwithout carbon deposits, and very heavy grades of fuel may be burned'with excellent results.

It will be obvious that with this arrangement the use of blowers, fansor other appliances for producing the necessary draught are unnecessary,the draught of the chimney being relied upon to draw the air through thetortuous passage. The length of the tortuous passage is made of suchthat the combustion of the fuel is p c y mp tebefore the gases aredischarged into the combustion chamber of the boiler, and consequentlythe gases exert their maximum possible heating effect upon the boilerbefore passing out through the fines. This also greatly increases theeliicicncy of the burner.

.It will be obvious that various changes in the details, materials, andarrangement of parts herein described and illustrated for the purpose ofexplaining the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled inthe art within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed inthe appended claims.

I claim:

1. A liquid fuel burner comprising a hollow body of refractory materialpartitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuouspassage withan air entrance opening in the bottom wall and an exit opening inanother wall, the passage extending from the air entrance openingupwardly to the top end, then downwardly to within a short distance ofthe bottom end, then back between and along the first two stretches in areverse direction until it reaches the bottom wall, and then to the exitopening, and means for delivering fuel to the interior of the passage atthe upper end of the first stretch, the movement of the burning gasesalong the doubled back section serving to heat the sections where thefuel and air enter and are mixed.

2. A liquid fuel burner comprising a hollow body of refractory materialpartitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuous passagewith an air entrance opening in the bottom wall and an exit opening inanother wall, the passage extending from the air entrance openingupwardly to the top end, then downwardly to within a short distance ofthe bottom end, then back between and along the first two stretches in areverse direction until it reaches the bottom wall, and then to the exitopening, and means for delivering fuel to the interior of the passage atthe upper end of the first stretch, the movement of the burning gasesalong the doubled back section serving to heat the sections where thefuel and air enter and are mixed, said body having av removable wallsection providing communication with the first upward stretch of thepassage for the initial ignition of the fuel.

3. A liquid. fuel b'i'rner comprising a hollow body of refractorymaterial partitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuouspassage with an air entrance opening in the bottom wall and an exitopening in another wall, the passage extending from the air entranceopening upwardly to a point adjacent the top end, then laterally a shortdistance, then downwardly for some distance, then backwardly in areverse direction between the vertically extending I low body ofrefractory material partitionedof the sai to provide a continuousrelatively long tortuous passage with an air entrance opening in thebottom wall and an exit opening 1n another wall, the passage extendingfrom the air entrance openin upwardly to a point adjacent the top end, ton laterally a short distance, then downwardly for some distanoe, thenbackwardly in a reversedirection between the vertically extendingstretches. and alon with onl -a divid ng; Wall between them,

then to t e exit opening, and means for de-- livering liguid fuel uponthe bottom wall lateral stretch where it mixes of the sai with airenterin thepassa e from the bottom opening an burns, sai body having aremovable wall'section providing communication with the passageat-approximately the junction between the first upward wall betweenthem,.

the preceding sections stretch and the lateral stretch for the initialignition of the fuel.

5. A liquid fuel burner comprising a hollow body of refractory materialpartitioned to provide a continuous relatively long tortuous passagewith an air entrance opening in the bottom .wall and an exit opening inanother wall, the passage extending from the air. entrance openingupwardly to a point adjacent the top end; then laterally a short t'ance,then backwardly in" a reverse direction between the verticallystretches, and along then to the exit opening, and means for do liveringliquid fuel upon the bottom wall of the said lateral stretch where itmixes with air entering the passage from the botextending theprecedingseotions H with only a divid ng wall between ,them,.

I distance, then downwardly {or some dis-i tom opening and burns, saidbody being composed of superposed separable elements whereby when theelements are separated,' all parts of the passage will be readilyaccessible.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my signature.

TOIMI A. NISSINEN.

